DNA is continuously exposed to endogenous or exogenous damaging factors. Efficient DNA damage repair is a fundamental process for every living organism. The accumulation of DNA damage affects cellular viability and leads to a variety of diseases.
Mammalian cells employ small RNAs (sRNAs) molecules to regulate gene expression in a pathway known as RNA interference (RNAi). Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are essential for translation but also serve as a source for tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs).
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A myriad of repair factors targets double-strand breaks (DSBs) by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR) pathways. However, the relevance of RNA for the DNA damage response (DDR) is currently not understood and the impact of transcription on genome stability and the role of RNA binding factors as well as function of small RNA (DDRNA) remain enigmatic. Our research aims to elucidate molecular mechanism of RNA dependent DDR and its relevance to cancer. We pay special attention to various types of small non-coding RNA and their roles within DDR pathway as well as acting signalling molecules. We study RNA dependent DDR on four main levels: regulation of transcription, RNA modifications and processing, functional roles of damage derived RNA and RNA binding proteins. This part of our research is supported by Cancer Research UK.
We discovered that the endoribonuclease Dicer, a critical player in canonical RNAi, associates with actively transcribed tRNA genes, binds to alternatively folded tRNAs and processes them into tsRNAs. Dicer-dependent tsRNAs target the introns of many protein coding genes and long non-coding RNAs, leading to degradation of their nascent RNA. Importantly, tsRNAs target genes are significantly associated with disease phenotypes underpinning the biological importance of this pathway. We discovered a mechanism for intronic gene silencing that is distinct from well-known post-transcriptional or transcriptional gene expression regulation. We employ synthetic tsRNA targeting oncogenes to suppress aggressive cancer phenotype, which has promising applications in future cancer therapies (patents filed by Cancer Research UK). We wish to understand why and how is intronic gene silencing de-regulated in cancer cells and what is the potency of using synthetic tsRNA in cancer cells in order to supress their oncogenic phenotype. Furthermore, we found that another class of small RNA: vault RNA derived small RNA can also mediate nascent RNA silencing and modulate expression of membrane associated genes. We are interested to understand how RNAP III transcripts (tRNA or vtRNA) can serve as Dicer substrates what else regulates tsRNA/svtRNA biogenesis. This work is supported by Medical Research Council UK.
2023
Small vault RNA1-2 modulates expression of cell membrane proteins through nascent RNA silencing.
Alagia, A., Ketley, R.F. and Gullerova, M.
Life Sci Alliance. – 6(6): e202302054.
2023
Detecting RNA-protein proximity at DNA double-strand breaks using combined fluorescence in situ hybridization with proximity ligation assay.
Alagia, A., Ketley, R.F. and Gullerova, M.
STAR Protoc. – 4(1): 102096.
2022
DNA double-strand break-derived RNA drives TIRR/53BP1 complex dissociation.
Ketley, R.F., Battistini, F., Alagia, A., Mondielli, C., Iehl, F., Balikçi, E., Huber, K.V.M., Orozco, M., and Gullerova M.
Cell Rep. – 41(4): 111526.
2022
Proximity Ligation Assay for Detection of R-Loop Complexes upon DNA Damage.
Alagia, A., Ketley, R.F. and Gullerova, M.
Methods Mol Biol. – 2528: 289-303.
2022
Dicer dependent tRNA derived small RNAs promote nascent RNA silencing.
Di Fazio, A., Schlackow, M., Pong, S.K., Alagia, A. and Gullerova, M.
Nucleic Acids Res. – 50(3): 1734-1752.
2019
Tyrosine kinase c-Abl couples RNA polymerase II transcription to DNA double-strand breaks.
Burger, K., Schlackow, M. and Gullerova, M.
Nucleic Acids Research – 47(7): 3467–3484
2018
Nuclear re-localization of Dicer in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast nuclei following DNA damage.
Burger, K. and Gullerova, M.
PLoS Genetics – 14 (2): e1007151
2018
Nuclear phosphorylated Dicer processes double-stranded RNA in response to DNA damage.
Burger, K. and Gullerova, M.
PLoS Genetics – 14(2): e1007151.
Developing an AI Powered Platform for RNA-drug discovery
January 2025
Monika Gullerova, Professor of Molecular Medicine and Tutor in Medicine, has secured seed funding to develop an AI powered platform for RNA-drug discovery.
Dunn School Researchers Support Community Collaborations in Science Together Programme
July 2024
Monika Gullerova recognised with Full Professor Title
August 2022
Many congratulations to Monika, who is now Professor of Molecular Medicine This recognition is part of the University of Oxford’s annual Recognition of Distinction Exercise. Prof Gullerova is also Tutor of Medicine at Wadham College. Prof Gullerova studied molecular biology at Comenius University in Bratislava and did her PhD at the University of Vienna. In...